Authors

Abstract

We investigate the potential of liquid hydrogen storage (LH2) on-board Class-8 heavy dutytrucks to resolve many of the range, weight, volume, refueling time and cost issues associatedwith 350 or 700-bar compressed H2 storage in Type-3 or Type-4 composite tanks. Wepresent and discuss conceptual storage system configurations capable of supplying H2 tofuel cells at 5-bar with or without on-board LH2 pumps. Structural aspects of storing LH2 indouble walled, vacuum insulated, and low-pressure Type-1 tanks are investigated. Structuralmaterials and insulation methods are discussed for service at cryogenic temperaturesand mitigation of heat leak to prevent LH2 boil-off. Failure modes of the liner and shell areidentified and analyzed using the regulatory codes and detailed finite element (FE)methods. The conceptual systems are subjected to a failure modes and effects analysis(FMEA) and a safety, codes, and standards (SCS) review to rank failures and identify safetygaps. The results indicate that the conceptual systems can reach 19.6% useable gravimetriccapacity, 40.9 g-H2/L useable volumetric capacity and $174e183/kg-H2 cost (2016 USD)when manufactured 100,000 systems annually.